Abstract: In order to realize slice reconstruction and defect detection for plate-like component, an X-ray slice reconstruction system is established and its imaging method, imaging precision and reconstruction algorithm are investigated. First, the method of acquiring multiple X-ray images in special way and the theory of slice reconstruction based on laminography are presented. Reconstruction precision is analyzed and mechanical errors of the system are calibrated. Then the section of a shape-known workpiece is reconstructed according to the algorithm and calibration result. Finally, based on the experiment result, simulation is carried out and the reconstruction algorithm is improved. Experimental results indicate that, reducing the step angle of the detector to 0.5° and the use of S-L filter can reduce artifacts and improve the contrast of the profile. The method is able to reconstruct the information within the maximum incidence angle of X-ray. The real section image can be reconstructed if the incidence angle is large enough and the detection is appropriately rotated.