ISSN 1004-4140
    CN 11-3017/P

    急诊腹盆腔CT平扫检查的适用性、申请单质量及辐射暴露:一项回顾性研究

    Appropriateness, Requisition Quality, and Radiation Exposure of Emergency Noncontrast Abdomen-Pelvis CT Referrals: A Retrospective Study

    • 摘要: 目的:评价急诊腹盆腔CT平扫检查的适用性、申请单质量及辐射暴露并比较不同检查适用性水平申请的申请单质量。方法:回顾性纳入2025年8月1日至31日期间在某大型三甲医院接受急诊腹盆部CT平扫检查的患者,每天随机抽取5次检查的临床信息、申请单和辐射剂量表进行评价,排除信息缺失或错误的病例和图像质量无法满足辐射剂量评估的病例。检查适用性采用欧洲放射学会(ESR)的iGuide工具评价;申请单质量采用影像检查指征报告及数据系统(RI-RADS)工具评价;计算体型特异性剂量评估(SSDE)和有效剂量(ED);评估通常不适用的检查是否存在阳性结果。采用Fisher确切概率法比较不同适用性水平的检查申请的申请单质量差异。结果:研究共纳入150例患者,年龄的中位数(四分位数)为45.0(32.0,66.0)岁,其中男性84人(56.0%)。本研究中的检查适用性评分为5.7±1.7分,相应评价为通常不适用、可能适用和通常适用的检查比例分别为28次(18.7%)、77次(51.3%)和45次(30.0%)。申请单质量评价为A~D级的比例分别为13次(8.7%)、6次(4.0%)、114次(76.0%)和17次(11.3%)。不同适用性水平的检查申请,其申请单质量差异无统计学意义。通常不适用的28次急诊腹盆部CT平扫检查的SSDE平均值±标准差为20.6±2.0 mGy,ED的中位数(四分位数)为8.1(6.8,9.4)mSv。通常不适用的检查仍会发现阳性结果,但大多与申请单无关。结论:急诊腹盆腔CT平扫存在通常不适用的检查,可能会造成患者不必要辐射负担,大部份申请单质量不佳,无法有效支持急诊放射诊断,但不同适用性水平的急诊腹盆腔CT平扫的申请单质量无明显差异。临床医师需要合理选择急诊CT平扫检查并提升填写申请单的能力,以避免患者不必要的辐射暴露并有效支持放射诊断。

       

      Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness, requisition quality, and radiation exposure associated with emergency noncontrast abdominal-pelvic CT referrals, and to compare requisition quality across different appropriateness levels. Methods: In this retrospective study, five patients per day were randomly selected from a cohort of individuals who underwent emergency noncontrast abdominal-pelvic CT scans at a large tertiary hospital between 2025 August 01 and 2025 August 31. Only patients with complete clinical information, CT requisition forms, and radiation dose reports were included. Patients with missing or incorrect information or with inadequate image quality for radiation dose assessment were excluded. Scan appropriateness was assessed using the European Society of Radiology (ESR) iGuide tool, and requisition quality was evaluated using the Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS) tool. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) and effective dose (ED) were calculated. For scans classified as inappropriate, imaging findings were reviewed to determine whether clinically significant positive results were present. Fisher's exact test was used to compare requisition quality across appropriateness levels. Results: A total of 150 patients were included, with a median age of 45.0 years (interquartile range IQR, 32.0–66.0 years); 84 patients (56.0%) were male. Twenty-eight scans (18.7%) were classified as usually inappropriate, 77 (51.3%) as appropriate, and 45 (30.0%) as usually appropriate. Requisition quality grades (A-D) were distributed as follows: 13 (8.7%), six (4.0%), 114 (76.0%), and 17 (11.3%). No statistically significant difference in requisition quality was observed across appropriateness levels (P = 0.131). Among the 28 usually inappropriate scans, the mean SSDE was 20.6±2.0 mGy, and the median ED was 8.1 (IQR, 6.8–9.4 mSv). Although positive findings were detected in some usually inappropriate scans, most were irrelevant to their request form. Conclusion: A proportion of emergency noncontrast abdominal-pelvic CT referrals are classified as usually inappropriate, potentially resulting in unnecessary radiation exposure. Overall, requisition quality was suboptimal and frequently insufficient to support emergency radiologic interpretation. However, no significant difference was observed in requisition quality across appropriateness levels. Clinicians should optimize the selection of emergency CT scans, improve requisition completion skills to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure, and enhance support for radiological diagnoses.

       

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