Abstract: The near-source reservoir formation in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin has great exploration potential, but its reservoir types are mostly thin-layered porous and fractured reservoirs with strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity. The channel sand bodies and small faults are not clearly delineated, requiring high-resolution seismic processing. Moreover, the Xujiahe Formation is more sensitive to low-frequency response; thus, it is necessary to focus on the protection and expansion of low-frequency information while ensuring full-frequency processing. In response to this geological requirement, we have conducted research on near surface Q-compensation technology under low-frequency protection to improve the absorption and attenuation effects near the surface and the impact on the lateral consistency of wavelets, thereby enhancing the quality of seismic data. First, based on the near-surface structural characteristics of the Sichuan Basin and the theory of seismic wave attenuation, the near surface Q-field is established using surface travel time and combined with information such as the dominant frequency of the first seismic arrival. Then, based on the stable Q-compensation method, we propose a new stable Q-compensation process by introducing a low-frequency protection coefficient to protect low frequencies. Finally, the influence of parameters such as the ideal dominant frequency, cutoff frequency, and low-frequency protection coefficient on the compensation effect was compared and analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination for near-surface compensation was established. Based on the optimized parameter combination, the prestack gathers are compensated. The compensation results show that using this process for near surface Q-compensation can effectively improve the resolution of seismic data, restore the amplitude characteristics of sand bodies, and improve the lateral continuity of events. While expanding high frequencies, it can maintain low-frequency information without being suppressed. The attributes extracted from the processed data are consistent with actual drilling results in the work area, significantly improving the accuracy of sand body characterization and providing solid data and technical support for subsequent oil and gas exploration.