ISSN 1004-4140
CN 11-3017/P

结节性硬化颅内不同部位病灶CT平扫表现分析

Analysis on Image Features of Tuberculous Sclerosis in Different Parts of the Skull in CT Scan

  • 摘要: 目的:分析结节性硬化(TSC)颅内不同部位病灶的CT平扫表现。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月于我院就诊治疗的16例颅脑TSC患者资料,分析颅脑TSC患者主要临床表现及CT影像学特征。结果:癫痫、智力减退及皮肤损伤为TSC患者主要临床表现,其中癫痫最为典型,其发病率为93.75%。CT检查对不同部位TSC的诊断符合率与手术病理检查结果比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。TSC患者CT平扫均可表现为室管膜下结节,表现为条状、圆形或类圆形的钙化结节,且呈对称性分布,以侧脑室体部外侧缘多见;9例脑实质结节患者CT平扫示可见5例可于皮质和皮质下存在钙化结节状,且以沙粒状呈现,1例表现为点状或小片状的低密度的病灶边缘清晰结节病灶;4例患者CT平扫可表现为脑沟和脑池的改变,皮层脑萎缩,额顶、颞枕叶脑沟局限性或普遍性增宽改变为CT平扫表现。脑室扩张较为少见,主要表现为侧脑室扩张,额、枕角明显呈气球样变化。结论:TSC患者主要以癫痫发作、皮肤损害及智力低下为其主要临床特征,而CT扫描中室管膜下为TSC患者最为常见结节部位,不同部位结节可有特征性的CT表现,但颅内钙化结节病灶为CT平扫中TSC的最为特异性征象,故可将CT作为颅内TSC的首选检查方法之一。

     

    Abstract: Objective:To analyze the image features of tuberculous sclerosis(TSC) in different parts of the skull in CT scan. Method:The data of 16 children with craniocerebral TSC who were treated in this hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. The main clinical manifestations and CT imaging features of patients with craniocerebral TSC were analyzed. Results:Epilepsy, hypophrenia and skin damage were the main clinical manifestations of patients with TSC, in which epilepsy was the most typical, and the incidence was 93.75%. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy between CT examination and surgical pathology in the diagnosis of TSTC in different parts(P>0.05). CT scan of patients with TSC can be expressed with subependymal nodules, which were shown as strips-like, round or round-shaped calcified nodules, and were symmetrically distributed. More nodules were located in the lateral margin of thebody of lateral ventricle. The plain CT scan of 9 patients with brain parenchymal nodules showed that there were 5 cases with calcified nodules in the cortex and under cortex, which were in the form of sand grains. 1 cases showed punctate or patchy low-density nodular lesions with clear edge. CT scan of 4 patients showed changes in cerebral sulcus and cerebral cistern and showed cortical brain atrophy. CT plain scan showed a localized or generalized widening in the frontal parietal and temporal occipital sulcus. Ventricular dilatation was relatively rare, which mainly showed dilatation of lateral ventricle, and the forehead and occipital angle showed changes obviously like balloon. Conclusion:The main clinical features of patients with TSC are seizures, hypophrenia and skin damage. In CT scan, subventricular part is the most common nodule site in patients with TSC. Nodules in different sites can have characteristic CT features, but intracranial calcified nodule lesions are the most specific signs of TSC in CT plain scan, so CT can be used as one of the first choice for examination of intracranial TSC.

     

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