Abstract: Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and enhance the understanding of its disease progression, providing a clinical basis for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 399 patients with COVID-19 was conducted at a designated hospital for COVID-19 treatment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, focusing on the characteristics and risk factors associated with the development of COVID-19. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for novel coronavirus infection. Results: There were significant differences in age, underlying disease history, laboratory examination, and clinical symptoms between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, albumin concentration, albumin/globulin ratio, and IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels between the two groups. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that C-reactive protein level, endocrine disease history, and ORF1ab gene CT value may be risk factors for COVID-19, whereas albumin level may be a protective factor. Conclusion: Age, underlying disease history, and elevated C-reactive protein/IL-6 levels are contributing factors to the development of COVID-19. Further targeted preventive interventions should consider the risk factors of the disease.